Responsibilities Of The Network Engineer Information Technology Essay

Responsibilities Of The Ne devilrk Engineer Information engine room EssayA computer ne devilrk is a combination of the two or more computer computer hardw are deceives and with the compatible parcel which allows the communication amid these spins such(prenominal) as information and voice, video and so forthNext segment going to deal with the Hardware procedured to build the network infection MediumThis is used to connect the transmitter and receiver. It may be command and unguided strength.Guided MediumIn this type capacity base on the bandwidth rate and the distance it has to cover and type of the refer ex point to point or MultipointThere are four infections mediumTwisted-pair C adequate to(p) These are the most comm save used media generally uses RJ-45 plug. Twisted-pair contains the 4 insulated copper wires and perverse. The twisting pair adulterates the effect of the Electromagnetic waves. Twisted pairs cut back in terms of selective information rate and distance EX requires amplifiers both 5-6 km for analog signals and 2-3 km for digital signals. These are again shared in to two types called shielded and UN-shielded twisted-pair. STP cables are covered by an additional shield which situates more robust and reduces the electromagnetic interference concentrical cableconsist of two conductors unrivalled is inner conductor and otherwise cardinal is shield which is generally metal foil surrounded by the inner conductor with the diameters of 1 to 2.5cm . Outer shield used to reduce the interference and cross talk. These cover more distance than twisted-pair. Generally use in cable TV and to cover long distance cry lines. It can carry both analog and digital data, sup carriages up to myriad voice data using FDM. ocular grapheme cableFiber optic technology uses the light to transmit the data. It has begun in1970s. Fiber technology uses allows broad(prenominal)er(prenominal) bandwidth thats the reason used among the central rack upices w hich indigences to carry high volumes of voice traffic where copper wire provides limited distance and bandwidth. Optical fiber cable carry thousands condemnation more data than twisted pair , lightweight, low loss of signal, higher reliable and it doesnt generate the EMI so it is gruelling to breach .optical fiber cable consist warmness and surface relent, outerjacker, cladding . Core is the part which carrys the light and which is made of silica and Germanic and the cladding which covers impression and is made of silica only cladding has thoughtful characteristic so which will help the light be in the core . Fiber is two types single and multi-mode .buffer help to protect the core and cladding act as shock absorbent and strength part help to protect from installation am ratiocinations and outer jacket is for milieu protectSingle Mode FiberMultimode FiberWidth of coreVery thin(8 to 10microns) and allows straight line light passingLight travels in several paths core width is 50 to 65 micronsBandwidthHigher disgraceQualityHigherLowerApplicationLonger distance transmissionShort distance transmissionRoutersA router is winding which divides the network into two parts. The different port of the router comes under different net whole kit. A router is specialized device which routes the packets from the source to destination and also used to connect the different LANS. Routers plant life on the Network Layer which is the 3rd forge of the OSI model since it uses the logical court (IP address) to do routing decisions, whenever a packet arrives from the data links shape to nonpareil of the port in router so router unwrap the data link bottom header and attaches the spic-and-span header to transmit it out. Every router contains the hardware and network operating system. The hardware consisted of Routing coveror, ROM, RAM, FLASH memory and input and output signal ports, NVRAM, Other interfaces. CPU work along with the routing protocols and creates f orwarding tables which is used in channelizering the packets to the destination. Input and output interfaces are the physical links which deals with the incoming and outdo packets generally these are RJ-45 ports and other interfaces such as AUX port and encourage ports. Console port is used to configure the router which is necessary because router is not nil configuration device. RAM and ROM as same social occasionality like in normal computers, flash holds the image of the IOS. AUX port is used to connect router from out position access.HUB An Ethernet Hub is device for connecting multiple wires (twisted pair, fiber) to connect multiple devices into a single network. Hubs whole kit and boodle at layer1 of the OSI model. Hub works at hardware level it receives packets on one port and broadcast to all other ports. If more than couple of devices tries to alter the data at a time a meeting will occur. All the devices which are connected to the hub come under same collision doma in. Hubs are two types i.e. passive, active and intelligent. UN-managed are just a hardware just broadcast the incoming signal. Where managed hubs are configured using workstation. changeA switch is small hardware device which joints multiple knobs together with in a local area network divides into logical pieces. work shift operates at data link layer (layer 2) OSI model. Switches are similar to hubs further more intelligence than the hub. Switches works on layer 2 so it can interpret the data packets and analyze and s polish off it to appropriate port which leads to destination. Switch consumes the bandwidth and offers the better performance than the hub. Some modern switches operate at layer 3 and layer 4 as well. Each node which is connected to switch gets dedicated link. Switches can provide better protection by providing different collision domain means it separate the one port traffic to other port traffic. Switches classified found on the switching it use1. Cut-throu gh mode2. Store and forward modeHostsHosts are generally the repeal devices to which the service are being served or services are being taken.End devices are the interface between the substance abuser and the network to utilize the services ex computers, servers, printers, cameras, VOIP phones, and any mobile extract to held devices. A server is normal computer or high-end device which provides one or more service over the network where client is another end who request the service. There are several types of servers purchasable. Application, chat server, ftp, mail, delegate servers etc. there are many server software accessible outside for Ex Tomcat, Microsoft, IBM HTTP server etc meshwork server has main tercet computers. Generally server hardware is high end hardware devices and agile processing capable and this system must be robust from the damages and end computers are just desktop of laptops which is used to access the meshwork and to do the personal work and it can access the server with the undertake set of rules, VOIP telephones one of the emerging technology cheaper and faster than normal telephones(PBX).which uses the data network as the medium and any one can make the call to anyone around the world with the cheaper price and better in caliberOSI ModelOSI model is tool from the international organization for standardization which divides the data communication into small parts (Layers). Each layer has its own and alone(p) functionality from other layers and each layer provides service to another layer which is instantly connected the bottom three layers operate to send the data from end to end system. The above four layers process the at the end device mostly (software work)OSI model divides the communication into manageable chunks so every function is particular to the concern layer without OSI model its hard to mange network functions in this section going to discus about the Data Link layer and Transport Layer and Network LayerNe twork LayerThis provides the end to end logical connection the main functionality of this layer is route intervention and data transmission preparation. This layer provides communication with the transport and data-link layer. It encapsulates the data acquire from the Transport layer and which is called protocol data units and management the connection between the networks. There are several protocols which operate on network layer Ex IP, ICMP etc Internet is the principle protocol used to send the data-grams crossways the network. This is responsible for routing the packets across the network and provides the many functions to send the data grams to the end deviceNetwork PerformancePerformance of the network seems on the several(a) factors such as channel capacity, utilization, delay in strip of real time applications and packet loss and conjunction etcPerformance metrics various are two types based on system and service. System performance based on the memory, processor util ization, load and Input/output waiting time etc Services performance depends on the Delay, Availability etcPerformance EnhancementsThe router plays very Copernican role routing the packets. Router determines the next hope address forward the traffic then a question raises that which part of the router discovers the performancesome people says that software and some people says hard ware just performance depend on the both because as the software works well but hardware havent got the proper resources to run that its also decreases the performance another side resources available but not utilized properly, also decreases the performanceWhen comes to the routing is the process of the router and this process happens in the physical, data link and network layersIPRouting protocols works at layer three and next hope will be counted at every router and routing is only is based on the destination address without the concern of the routing protocols. MPLS reduces the routing look-up and also need not run a specific protocol on every router. MPLS forwards the packets based on the label. When comes to the IP networks every router decides the next hope address but when comes to the MPLS only go on routers perform the routing look-up core routers sends the packets based on the simple label. When comes to the MPLS layer 2 devices run a layer 3 routing protocol and establish the virtual(prenominal) circuits dynamically so this provides a virtual full mesh topographic anatomyIN MPLS only routing look up will be through with(p) at edge router means packets processed through the three layers only on edge routers after that the routing will be performed only on the basis of the simple labels attached also provides different forwarding techniques in MPLS forwarding can be done on QOS etc . MPLS with Traffic engineering science gives much more performance than the IP based traffic engineering or policy based routingHardware imagination UtilizationResource issues such as and RAM and CPU and IOS configuration also effect the resource utilization and the bandwidth management is also effects the cables and as well bad circuits. Like PC routers have CPU and RAM trim hardware at the peak time all the router resources will be utilized to the maximum there are some tools which are available to monitor the CPU and interfaces always other than these we can improve the performance. By changing the switching that is used by the router. Generally the default buffer size of the router will be optimized concerning all applications but sometimes need to change when comes to the delay sensitive applications need small buffer size. handicap all the unnecessary applications which run in the back ground and the routing tables has with child(p) up every day using the summarization and turning off the default routing. To resolve the bandwidth problems with the traffic management this is called quality of service, stopping the outcaste traffic also gives the better p erformance. Some commands available in default Ex Show Memory Dead which shows the memory usage such as free memory, memory failure allocation command shows the Memory allocation failuresCareer in NetworkingCareer in networking is challenging because every day because its dynamic in nature every day new connections will be added so the network size increases data transfer rate will increase and task of maintaining the network increases. Now a days every one using the network starting from web browsing to data transfer. Comparing to software developers network manager has difficult task because it has to connect various number of resources every resource has privileges and connecting this resources not makes the network some other factors need to consider such as security, stability and reliability. Network manager should provide the best protocols that cant affect the performance of the networkDay to Day Tasks1. Handle the maintenance tasks.2. rising slope the systems software.3. C heck the hardware and software.4. Monitor the antivirusExpectation from the Manager1. Provide raising on latest technologies.2. Discuss daily tasks which were done.3. Good guidance and fellowshipResponsible for installing and managing of networks. This includes installing and maintenance of the network. Future steps to extend the network organization. Monitoring the user activities in the network providing the security to emails, accounts and passwords etc. Able to analyze the network faults from major errors to minor errors. Can able to redesign or modify the network, backups etc..ConclusionIn this fast changing world, communication is important is important daily life. Lot of advancements has been taken perspective in the connectivity to have better communication and advancements in standards without exceptions. In this paper i have explained the various hardware and software which has the greatest adjoin on the networks and the improvements which can optimize the network per formance in case of hardware and software and also explained the careers and opportunities in the networking